inppdИнновационная наука: Психология. Педагогика. ДефектологияInnovative science: psychology, pedagogy, defectology2658-7165Don State Technical University - DSTU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia10.23947/2658-7165-2021-4-4-27-39inppd-130Research ArticleСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGYОбзор современных представлений о буллинге как социально-психологическом явлении и его гендерных особенностяхReview of modern ideas about bullying as a socio-psychological phenomenon and gender characteristicshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-7844АгасиянА. А.AgasiyanA. A.

Ася А. Агасиян

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Asya A. Agasiyan

Rostov-on-Don

agasiyan@sfedu.ruЮжный федеральный университетРоссияSouthern Federal UniversityRussian Federation202115082023442739Copyright © Агасиян А.А., 20212021Агасиян А.А.Agasiyan A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.inov-ppd.ru/jour/article/view/130

На сегодняшний день проблема буллинга в образовательных учреждениях продолжает стоят очень остро. Появление новых электронных средств и способов коммуникации только усиливает это явление, способствует развитию новых способов травли, например, кибербуллинг. Несмотря на многочисленные психологические исследования и усиления внимания к этой проблеме администраций образовательных учреждений и психологов-практиков, эта проблема далека от решения. Новизна исследования заключается в обзоре современных исследований различных аспектов буллинга и освещении недостаточно изученного на данный момент гендерного аспекта травли.Во Введении отражены главные аспекты буллинга как социально-психологического явления: влияние на психологическое состояние жертв буллинга, психологические особенности жертв буллинга, основные характеристики этого явления.В Теоретическом обосновании автор описывает различные классификации видов буллинга; причины, которые могут вызывать агрессивное поведение инициаторов травли, приводит структуру ситуации травли, а также различные роли участников этой ситуации: инициатор, жертва, свидетели или наблюдатели. Далее автор уделяет внимание обзор мотивов, которые побуждают инициаторов травли к агрессивным действиям. Автор уделяется внимание и практическому аспекту: обозначению признаков, по которым можно определить, что ситуация представляет собой именно буллинг и требует экстренного вмешательства. Особое внимание автор посвящает обзору исследований, посвященных гендерным аспектам травли.В Обсуждении результатов автором рассматриваются различные мнения исследований о психологической сущности явления буллинга и обозначаются проблемные области в исследовании данного вопроса. В Заключении автор делает вывод о необходимости учета гендерного аспекта буллинга для профилактики этого явления и отмечает необходимость поиска инструментов для выявления потенциальных инициаторов травли на ранних этапах.

Today, the problem of bullying in educational institutions is very acute. The emergence of new electronic means and methods of communication only intensifies this phenomenon and contributes to the emergence of new methods of bullying, for example, cyberbullying. Despite numerous psychological studies and increasing attention of the administrations of educational institutions and practicing psychologists to this problem, it is still far from being solved. The novelty of the study lies in the review of current research on various aspects of bullying and coverage of the currently insufficiently studied gender aspect of bullying. The Introduction reflects the main aspects of bullying as a socio-psychological phenomenon: the impact on the psychological state of the victims of bullying, the psychological characteristics of the victims of bullying, the main characteristics of this phenomenon. In the Theoretical justification, the author describes various classifications of types of bullying. The section also covers the reasons that can cause aggressive behavior of the initiators of the bullying and the structure of the bullying situation. The section also describes the different roles of the participants in this situation: initiator, victim, and witnesses or observers. Further, the author pays attention to an overview of the motives that induce the initiators of the bullying to act aggressively. The author also pays attention to the practical aspect: reveals the signs by which it is possible to determine that the situation is exactly bullying and requires urgent intervention. The author devotes special attention to a review of studies on the gender aspects of bullying. In the Discussion section, the author discusses the various opinions of research on the psychological nature of the phenomenon of bullying and identifies problem areas in the study of this issue. In the Conclusion, the author states that it is necessary to consider the gender aspect of bullying to prevent this phenomenon and notes the need to search for tools to identify potential initiators of bullying at an early stage.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.