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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inppd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная наука: Психология. Педагогика. Дефектология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative science: psychology, pedagogy, defectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7165</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University - DSTU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2658-7165-2024-7-4-92-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XBHEBF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inppd-336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ, ПСИХОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY, PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Конструкт «ментальные модели»: его сущность и использование в различных областях психологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Construction of “Mental Models”: Its Essence and Use in Various Fields of Psychology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-6059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проненко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Александрович Проненко, кандидат психологических наук, доцент кафедры общей и консультативной психологии</p><p>ScopusID 57351954200 </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny Aleksandrovich Pronenko, Cand. Sci. (Psychology), Associate Professor of the “General and Counseling Psychology” Department</p><p>ScopusID 57351954200 </p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">heimag@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Проненко Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Проненко Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pronenko E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.inov-ppd.ru/jour/article/view/336">https://www.inov-ppd.ru/jour/article/view/336</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ментальные модели – это научный психологический конструкт, который означает, люди создают в своём разуме модели внешнего мира и оперируют ими для планирования своей деятельности. Ментальные модели на сегодняшний день нашли применение в различных областях: объяснение принципов человеческого мышления и решения логических задачи, создание моделей о времени, множествах, причинах и следствиях, а также в сфере обучения, социальных отношений, командной работы. Однако на русском языке тематика исследования ментальных моделей практически не представлена.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотреть работы, посвященные исследованию ментальных моделей в различных сферах психологии.</p><p>Ментальные модели в сфере исследований процесса мышления. Ведущий эксперт в области механизмов человеческого мышления P. N. Johnson-Laird выдвинул и в своих работах обосновал, что в процессе рассуждений люди активно создают ментальные модели, которые сопровождают логические операции и могут оказывать на них влияние. Ментальные модели являются иконичными, отражающими значение предметов внешнего мира, развертываются в соответствующей внешним событиям последовательности, и отражают внешние операции схематично.</p><p>Ментальные модели в обучении. Ментальные модели могут быть полезным инструментов для конструирования образовательного процесса. Понимание и грамотное использование естественных механизмов психики обучающихся может улучшить процесс моделирования их знаний об окружающем мире.</p><p>Ментальные модели в социально-психологических процессах. Взаимодействие индивида с другими людьми порождает процесс формирования их отражений во внутреннем пространстве, создания моделей поведения и возможных реакций окружающих. В командном взаимодействии важным фактором эффективности и жизнеспособности команды является наличие общих (командных) ментальных моделей.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение результатов</title><p>Обсуждение результатов. Использование концепции ментальных моделей в различных областях и большое количество концептуальных и эмпирических работ на эту тему может свидетельствовать об универсальности феномена моделей. Ментальные модели как объяснительный принцип встроены в существующие теории и обогатить их.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Mental models are a scientific psychological construct, which means that people create models of the external world in their minds and operate them to plan their activities. Today, mental models have found application in various fields: explaining the principles of human thinking and solving logical problems, creating models about time, sets, causes and effects, as well as in the field of learning, social relations, teamwork. However, in Russian, the subject of the study of mental models is practically not presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To examine works devoted to the study of mental models in various fields of psychology.</p><p>Mental models in the field of thinking process research. A leading expert in the field of human thinking mechanisms P. N. Johnson-Laird put forward and substantiated idea, that in the process of reasoning, people actively create mental models that accompany logical operations and can influence them. Mental models are iconic, reflecting the meaning of objects of the external world, are deployed in a sequence corresponding to external events, and reflect external operations schematically.</p><p>Mental models in learning. Mental models can be useful tools for constructing the educational process. Understanding and competent use of the natural mechanisms of the psyche of students can improve the process of modeling their knowledge of the world around them.</p><p>Mental models in socio-psychological processes. The interaction of an individual with other people generates the process of forming their reflections in the internal space, creating models of behavior and possible reactions of others. In team interaction, an important factor in the effectiveness and viability of the team is the presence of common (team) mental models.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The use of the concept of mental models in various fields and a large number of conceptual and empirical works on this topic may indicate the universality of the phenomenon of models. Mental models as an explanatory principle are built into existing theories and enrich them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ментальные модели</kwd><kwd>мышление</kwd><kwd>рассуждения</kwd><kwd>общие ментальные модели</kwd><kwd>обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mental models</kwd><kwd>thinking</kwd><kwd>reasoning</kwd><kwd>general mental models</kwd><kwd>learning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ждан, А. Н. (2017). Теория и практика в психологическом наследии П.Я. Гальперина. 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