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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inppd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная наука: Психология. Педагогика. Дефектология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative science: psychology, pedagogy, defectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7165</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University - DSTU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2658-7165-2025-8-3-36-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inppd-443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ, ПСИХОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY, PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроспектива изучения феномена личностной идентичности в зарубежной психологической науке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retrospective Study of the Phenomenon of Personal Identity in Foreign Psychological Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-2426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Павел Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>Pavel N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Николаевич Ермаков, доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик РАО, заведующий кафедрой психофизиологии и клинической психологии,</p><p>344006, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Большая Садовая, 105/42.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Nikolaevich Ermakov, Dr. Sci.  (Biology), Professor, Academician of RAO, Head of the Psychophysiology and Clinical Psychology Department,</p><p>105/42, Bolshaya Sadovaya str., 344006, Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paver@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-8989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверина</surname><given-names>Елена Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averina</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Николаевна Аверина, соискатель, </p><p>344006, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Большая Садовая, 105/42.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Nikolaevna Averina, Applicant, </p><p>105/42, Bolshaya Sadovaya str., 344006, Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elaverina@yahoo.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермаков П.Н., Аверина Е.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермаков П.Н., Аверина Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermakov P.N., Averina E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.inov-ppd.ru/jour/article/view/443">https://www.inov-ppd.ru/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изучение проблем личностной идентичности занимает важное место в классических и современных философских и психологических исследованиях, в рамках которых рассматриваются различие аспекты этого многогранного феномена. Изучение феномена идентичности происходило на основе различных теоретических конструктов, что позволило выявить как общие, так и уникальные связи данного конструкта с другими психологическими явлениями.  Во введении рассматриваются основные психологические подходы к проблеме идентичности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотрение исторически сложившихся подходов к феномену личностной идентичности в зарубежной психологической науке и практике.</p><p>Психоаналитический подход к проблеме идентичности. В рамках данного подхода реализуется изучение феномена идентичности с точки зрения структурной динамики личности. Подход представлен З. Фрейдом, который заложил основы научного понимания идентичности, и нашел свое продолжение в работах А. Фрейд, К. Г. Юнга и Э. Эриксона, А. Адлера и Дж. Марсиа.</p><p>Гуманистический подход к проблеме идентичности.  Данный подход к пониманию идентичности оперирует такими конструктами, как «Я-концепция», «Я-образ» и «Самость», рассматриваемые как элементы субъективного опыта. Подход базируется на теориях К. Роджерса, Р. Бернса и А. Маслоу, и Э. Фромма. В ходе анализа научных работ, имеющихся в дискурсе данного подхода, были найдены сходства между понятиями идентичности и «Я-концепции».</p><p>Когнитивно-ориентированный подход к проблеме идентичности. В рамах данного подхода идентичность рассматривается как социально-психологический конструкт, формирующийся на основе ценностей, норм и правил поведения, принятых в социальной группе. Данный подход является наиболее значимым в контексте понимания идентичности и базируется на работах Г. Тэджфела, Дж. Тернера, и Г. Брейкуэлл.</p><p>Интеракционистский подход к проблеме идентичности. Интеракционистской парадигма идентичности основана на трудах Дж. Г. Мида, Ч. Кули, Ш. Струкера и И. Гофмана. Согласно данному подходу, идентичность представляет собой интегративное переживание индивидом себя и окружающей среды и базируется на самовосприятии и осознании поведенческих паттернов. И. Гофманом сформулирована концепция «фронтальной» и «задней» деятельности, которые характеризуют поведение человека на публике и в привычной для него обстановке.</p><p>Бихевиористский подход к проблеме идентичности. Данный подход рассматривает идентичность в рамках групповой динамики, противопоставляя социальную идентичность личностной и не учитывая влияние индивидуальной биографии на формирование социальной идентичности.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение результатов</title><p>Обсуждение результатов. Несмотря на длительный период изучения феномена идентичности в современной психологической науке еще не сложился единый однозначный подход к данному феномену.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of personal identity problems occupies an important place in classical and modern philosophical and psychological research, which considers different aspects of this multifaceted phenomenon. The study of the phenomenon of identity has been based on various theoretical constructs, which has allowed us to identify both common and unique connections of this construct with other psychological phenomena.  The introduction reviews the main psychological approaches to the problem of identity.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Consideration of historically developed approaches to the phenomenon of personal identity in foreign psychological science and practice.</p><p>Psychoanalytic approach to the problem of identity. This approach realizes the study of the phenomenon of identity from the point of view of the structural dynamics of personality. The approach is presented by Z. Freud, who laid the foundations of scientific understanding of identity, and found its continuation in the works of A. Freud, C. G. Jung and E. Erikson, A. Adler and J. Marcia.</p><p>Humanistic approach to the problem of identity.  This approach to understanding identity operates with such constructs as "Self-concept", "Self-image" and "Self", considered as elements of subjective experience. The approach is based on the theories of C. Rogers, R. Burns and A. Maslow, and E. Fromm. In the course of analyzing the scientific works available in the discourse of this approach, similarities between the concepts of identity and "self-concept" were found.</p><p>Cognitive-oriented approach to the problem of identity. Within the framework of this approach, identity is considered as a socio-psychological construct formed on the basis of values, norms and rules of behavior accepted in a social group. This approach is the most significant in the context of understanding identity and is based on the works of G. Tajfel, J. Turner, and G. Breakwell.</p><p>Interactionist approach to the problem of identity. The interactionist paradigm of identity is based on the works of J. G. Mead, Ch. Cooley, Sh. Struker, and I. Hoffman. According to this approach, identity is an integrative experience of an individual's self and environment and is based on self-perception and awareness of behavioral patterns. I. Hoffman formulated the concept of "frontal" and "back" activities, which characterize the behavior of a person in public and in a familiar environment.</p><p>The behaviorist approach to the problem of identity. This approach considers identity within the framework of group dynamics, contrasting social identity with personal identity and not considering the influence of individual biography on the formation of social identity.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Despite the long period of studying the phenomenon of identity in modern psychological science, there is still no single unambiguous approach to this phenomenon.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>личность</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>социальная идентичность</kwd><kwd>психоанализ</kwd><kwd>когнитивизм</kwd><kwd>интеракционизм</kwd><kwd>бихериоризм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>personality</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>social identity</kwd><kwd>psychoanalysis</kwd><kwd>cognitivism</kwd><kwd>interactionism</kwd><kwd>bicheritarianism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернс, Р. (1986). Развитие Я-концепции и воспитание. Прогресс.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breakwell, G. W. (1997). Integrating paradigms, methodological implications. In D. V. Canter (Ed.) 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