Prospective Directions of Research on Psychological and Psychophysiological Mechanisms of Cognitive Resilience under Stress

Introduction. The modern pace of life is increasingly becoming a source of stress impact on the human psyche. In general, the study of human behavior under stress can be conditionally divided into three directions: the first is the study of clinical consequences of stress impact on the human psyche; the second is the study of basic types of behavioral response and adaptation under stress; the third is the study of psychophysiological mechanisms that ensure human behavior under stress. Within the framework of the third direction, a large number of predominantly foreign studies are currently conducted, a significant part of which is devoted to the study of various aspects of human cognitive stability under stress. However, the issue of the influence of various individual-typological features of a person on his or her cognitive stability remains poorly studied, but quite promising.

Objective. To analyze promising research directions of psychological and psychophysiological mechanisms of cognitive resilience under stress.

Definitions of basic concepts. The definitions of stress and stress resistance are given. The concepts of cognitive resilience and "tactical athletes" often used in foreign studies are considered.

Psychophysiological mechanisms of stress response. Modern ideas about the work of cortical-subcortical mechanisms that ensure behavior under conditions of stress influence are considered. Recent foreign and domestic studies of electrophysiological and humoral peculiarities of stress impact on human behavior and cognitive stability are analyzed. Prospective directions of studying the relationship between the peculiarities of different modes of the brain and cognitive stability are considered.

Individual-typological mechanisms of stress resistance. The problem of significance of correspondence between the type of stress impact and the functions depressed by it is considered. Various mechanisms of coping-strategies providing behavior under stress are described. The main individual-typological characteristics influencing human behavior under stress are analyzed.

Discussion. The analysis of modern domestic and foreign researches has allowed to reveal perspective tendencies and directions in studying the impact of stress on human cognitive stability, among which are: studying the provisions of the congruence theory in relation to cognitive stability under stress; ideas about individual specificity of the values of the background activity of the organism under stress; studying the peculiarities of functioning of different modes of the brain, providing stress resistance; studying the peculiarities of integrative activity of the brain; studying the peculiarities of cognitive stability under stress. The mentioned representations allow to understand the main directions and tendencies, within the framework of which the study of peculiarities of stress influence on human cognitive sphere in modern researches takes place.

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