Interdisciplinary approach to the research of dysgraphia and dyslexia of the elementary school children in the conditions of digitalization

The introduction reveals the specificity of the communicative activity of modern schoolchildren, which considers its new type – display communication. Cases of insufficient formation of communication skills among students with speech disorders are analyzed. The importance of considering special educational needs, psychological and cognitive barriers in learning for this category of schoolchildren is noted. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the expanded analysis of the structure, prevention, and overcoming of dysgraphia from the point of view of an interdisciplinary approach, including neurological, neuropsychological aspects, and basic defectological speech therapy methods for diagnosing and correcting writing and reading disorders. The theoretical substantiation provides an overview of domestic and foreign works devoted to disorders of writing and reading – dysgraphia and dyslexia. The results of the study, social surveys conducted by Russian and foreign experts studying the problem are compared. The concept of school maladjustment in children of primary school age is revealed. Understanding the structure of violations of the processes of writing and reading is analyzed in the paradigm of the neuropsychological approach to their diagnosis and correction and considering the psychological characteristics of students in this category. Discussion of the results summarizes the results of studies of neurologists, speech therapists, neuropsychologists in Russia and abroad, who have studied the causes and multifactorial structure of dysgraphia and dyslexia at the present stage and indicate the special importance of a purposeful integrated interdisciplinary approach in overcoming these disorders. The importance of combining influences not only on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral spheres of students with dysgraphia and dyslexia but above all understanding the entire symptom complex, of which these disorders are a part, as well as considering biomedical factors, is shown. The effectiveness of correctional programs, according to the authors, depends on the presence of persistent interest of students in the learning process, the formation of which is impossible today without using the “figures” of the information society achievements familiar to the generation, such as network resources and display communication, which are successfully used in the modern educational space.

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