Published: 30.10.2021
CORRECTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This article considers the questions of writing and reading disorders of elementary school children influence a values-based attitude formation towards the family as a parameter of the personality meaning sphere developmental growth in this category of students. The scientific novelty lies in the comparative analysis of the value-meaning sphere characteristics in 8–10 aged students with dysgraphia, dyslexia, and peers without speech disorders.
The Introduction examines the special aspects of the formation of the orientations towards family values in students aged 8–10 years with dysgraphia and dyslexia. They account for a wide category among students of general education schools in connection with the advent of inclusive education programs and the digitalization of modern society.
The Methods section describes the procedure for diagnosing the state of verbal-speech and writing-speech activity using speech therapy methods and a psychometric experiment: an appraisal of the level of formation of the processes of reading and writing using the methods by Fotekova T. A., and Akhutina T. V. and the characteristics of interpersonal relations in the family when performing the projective test "Family drawing".
The Results section describes the findings of the empirical research. The assumption about the presence of specific characteristics of the interpersonal relations in the family in elementary school children with dysgraphia and dyslexia was fully confirmed. They were most pronounced in the following categories: anxiety, proneness to conflict, hostility, feelings of inferiority in the family.
The Discussion of results section describes the comparison of the obtained data with the results of other studies. These studies examined the relationship between the psychological characteristics of elementary school children with dysgraphia and dyslexia and the specifics of the characteristics of the value-based attitude towards the family in this category of children.
The Conclusions section shows that the results of the study of the special aspects of interpersonal relations in the family of elementary school children with dysgraphia and dyslexia make it possible to describe the transformations of the meaning sphere of such students. This also makes it possible to give practical recommendations for the harmonization of development, and optimization of education for this category of school children.
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY, PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY, HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
The review of theoretic supports and practical research of teenage self-consciousness are presented in this article. Main key points are indicated for further research. The novelty of research lies in study of works, devoted to digital environment as new area of social reality, which forms self-consciousness of young generation. The question about characteristic features of self-consciousness of young people and the influence of virtual environment on it, is evident nowadays. Despite of existing data on selfconsciousness of teens in condition of educational digitalization, time out of net is growing shorter, poor-studied problems with communication and socialization arise.
In Introduction the reasons of necessity in new view on self-consciousness research are disclosed. In the first place it is changing of teenager’s social environment, which includes digital environment, where they spend all their free time, and widespread of educational digitalization. The importance of adolescence in formation process of self-consciousness and further development of personal “self-concept” is definitely marked.
In Theoretical support the author, based on cultural-historical conception by L. Vygotskiy, reviewed empirical research, devoted to investigation of identity formation in the context of social environment. Then, the environmental factors, which influence on self-consciousness of younger people, are discussed. Information environment, which has changed different areas of social reality, influences on transformation of teenage sphere of personality values and senses. It is worth noting the social importance of studying self-consciousness of modern youth, as godliness and satisfaction of life. Works, devoted to problem of clip mentality among teens, changes in cognitive and emotional spheres, are shown below.
In "Discussion" section the importance of selfconsciousness research of young people in condition of digitalization of education is underlined, as phenomena, acquiring new features.
The article is devoted to the study of the image of a professional artist through the study of stereotyped ideas about the presence or absence of certain personal qualities. The novelty lies in the consideration of the stereotypical ideas of the artists themselves about what qualities a "typical" representative of the acting profession should have.
The Introduction examines the basic ideas about the personality of a professional artist. Analyzed the research of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of psychology of creativity, performing arts. So, the study of the artist's personality mainly took place in the plane of art and creativity. The conclusions of theater teachers, art historians, directors are of great practical value for understanding the personality of an artist and stage activity in the context of psychological science. The main research methods were selected “Questionnaire of bipolar profiles” by T. G. Stefanenko (modified by A. V. Grishina, N. E. Komerova) and analysis of the data obtained using the U-Mann-Whitney statistical test.
The Results of a comparative analysis of the study of two groups (artists of professional theater and amateurs of theatrical art) made it possible to identify the conditionally “positive” and conditionally “negative” qualities most characteristic of the representatives of the artist's profession. The assessment of the similarities and differences of opinions of the respondents regarding the presence of these qualities in a "typical" actor was carried out.
In the Discussion, it was concluded that the ideas about the image of an artist in both groups of subjects are similar in terms of the presence of a professional artist of high emotional intelligence, optimism, emotional excitability, high performance, but they have differences regarding such personality traits as high self-esteem, laziness, vanity, pessimism. Statistically significant differences were obtained in assessing the level of vanity among representatives of the profession. For example, professional artists believe that an artist is less vain and lazier than lovers of performing arts estimate him.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
In this article, the authors present the results of a study of the phenomenon of posttraumatic stress growth in people who have experienced a crisis associated with the loss of a job in a pandemic.
In the Introduction, the authors presented the significance of the problem at the social level. In addition, this section assesses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in shaping the job loss crisis. It also presents an analysis of the causes of the formation of a personal crisis. The novelty of the study is methodological: it consists in an empirical study of the phenomenon of post-traumatic stress growth in people who survived the crisis of job loss during a pandemic using a psychological assistance program developed at the Elephant Center for Psychological Correction.
In the Theoretical substantiation, the theoretical background of the phenomenon of post-traumatic stress growth was analyzed in the studies of domestic and foreign authors.
The «Methods» section presents the progress of the study and the program of psychological assistance for people going through a job loss crisis.
The «Results» section presents the results of an empirical study conducted based on the Elephant Center for Psychological Correction with the participation of 60 respondents experiencing a crisis of job loss, obtained using the methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological attitudes of a person in the motivational-need sphere of O.F. Potemkina and the methodology of studying the system of life meanings by V. Yu. Kotlyakov.
In the Discussion of the results, the issue of finding and implementing effective psychological assistance programs for people experiencing an identity crisis is raised.
The Conclusion notes the trends in the problem of researching the phenomenon of post-traumatic stressful personality growth for people who have experienced traumatic crisis states of various etymologies.
AGE PSYCHOLOGY
The article presents a study of coping strategies and self-regulation of adolescents from age and gender perspective.
The Introduction provides a theoretical overview of coping behavior and self-regulation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the additional differentiation of adolescence, which allows a more detailed study of the relationships between coping and self-regulation.
The Methods section describes the main research methods and the procedure for applying the following psychological tests: "Methods of coping behavior" (T. L. Kryukova), "Style of self-regulation of behavior" (V. I. Morosanova), "Research of volitional self-regulation" (A. V. Zverkova, E. V. Eidman). The sample description: 166 people aged 15 to 20 years (137 girls, 29 boys).
The Results section presents the comparative analysis of the coping methods and self-regulation in the subgroups by gender and age, as well as an analysis of the relationship between them in different age subgroups of adolescents. It was found that the style of self-regulation "Flexibility" prevails among young men; they are more persistent and demonstrate greater self-control. Girls are more likely to prefer seeking social support, accepting responsibility, and avoiding. The indicators of these types of coping among girls also differ by greater tension. In addition, significant differences were found in the relationships between coping strategies and self-regulation in different age groups.
The Discussion section contains the analysis of the obtained results in accordance with the level of their significance, as well as with the data of contemporary research.
The Conclusion summarizes the findings, describes the prospects and practical significance of this study.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
The act of choosing a future spouse is especially significant for a woman. This is due to the fact that the sociocultural "burden" of the mistake of choosing a marriage partner is incomparably higher for woman than for a man. In the subject field of scientific research, a meaning choice is especially relevant for psychology.
The Introduction presents an analysis of psychological research on the problem of meaning choice by Russian and foreign authors. The analysis showed that, in general, all these studies are phenomenological, and there are no results-oriented studies that at least in part have generalization (for example, mathematical and statistical). This is explained by the fact that the semantic choice is interpreted as a unique phenomenon associated with a particular person, regardless of understanding the essence of the meaning choice - both personal and existential. Therefore, the novelty of our study lies in the absence of earlier similar studies, in which the subject would be the semantic choice of a spouse by a woman at the stage of creating a family.
The Theoretical support presents the reasons for the lack of a unified approach to understanding the essence of meaning choice. According to the authors, it is absent due to difficulties in verifying theoretical positions, differences in directions in the study of meaning choice in terms of the specifics of the subject field of research, and also due to the lack of a unified approach to understanding the dynamics of the formation of meaning itself.
In the “Discussion of the results” section, the authors define the components, the integration of which is necessary in order to define the concept of “the meaning choice of a spouse by a woman at the stage of creating a family”, paying attention, among other things, to values.
The section "Conclusion" contains the generalized results of the analysis carried out by the authors and the trends outlined by the authors in the study of the problem of the meaning choice.
LABOR PSYCHOLOGY, ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY, COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS
The article presents the results of a study of the specifics of the psychological characteristics of the personality of employees of construction companies that determine the level of their professional success.
In the Introduction, the definition of professional success is given, the specifics of the professional activity of the builder from the point of view of psychological knowledge are given.
The section "Methods" describes the main methods of empirical research: the author's questionnaire, the questionnaire "Self-esteem level" S. V. Kovalev; "Career anchors" E. Shane; Personal decision-making factors (T. V. Kornilova); Express diagnostics of barriers in management activities; Diagnostics of the realization of self-development needs (N.P. Fetiskin). Spearman's R-criterion was used in data processing. The study involved 50 employees of construction companies aged 28 to 53 years with at least 3 years of managerial experience.
The Results section presents the results of a relatively high and average level of self-esteem of highly successful builders. Using Spearman's R-criterion, a group of highly successful builders with a high level of self-esteem revealed a positive relationship with such parameters of value orientations in a career as management, service and integration of lifestyles, and such a decision-making strategy as vigilance. A negative correlation was found with the motivational component of self-development. A group of highly successful builders with an average level of self-esteem has a positive relationship with such a parameter of value orientations in a career as the integration of lifestyles, the degree of overload in the process of performing their tasks, and such decision-making strategies as over-vigilance and stability. A negative correlation was found with the motivational component of self-development.
The section "Discussion of the results" presents a comparative analysis of the data obtained by us with the results of other studies within the framework of the topic under study.
In Conclusion, the conclusions of the empirical study are presented and the question of the experimental nature of future research in this direction is raised.
Innovative science: psychology, pedagogy, defectology
ISSN 2658-7165 (Online)
Contact with: Publisher / Editorial Office of the Journal
Publisher: Don State Technical University - DSTU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia - https://donstu.ru/en/
Editor-in-Chief: Irina V. Abakumova, Dr.Sci. (Psychology), Professor, Don State Technical University (Rostov-on-Don, Russia)
Don State Technical University
1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003, Russia
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