The article examines the prerequisites for the emergence of the phenomenon of women’s leadership through the prism of the "patriarchal" gender researches and the motivation for development of modern women.
The Introduction describes the context in which the study was conducted.
The "Theoretical justification" section determines the relevance and importance of the topic of this study, the horizon of modern understanding of gender equality and women's leadership is being formed in the focus of global sustainable development goals. The current state of the gender equality and female leadership issue; the UN, UNESCO, UNICEF agenda devoted to this issue are analyzed. The author analyzes statistical data on the state and dynamics of the development of women's entrepreneurship and women's leadership in Russia and in the world. The "Studies in Gender Equality and Women's Leadership in the Humanities" section takes a detailed look at the history of gender studies, including modern scientific research that substantiates the features of the endocrine system of women, and the so-called female style of leadership. In the article the author's position of the system of psychological prerequisites, which are the factors of successful and harmonious self-development, is presented. The horizons of semantic self-realization of women "The self – team – community" as a sense sphere and horizons of personality development in the social sphere are determined. The results of the motivation factors of successful women study, conducted with students of the program "Woman-Leader" of the educational center SENEZH (“Russia – the country of opportunities” project), are presented for the first time. The analysis and ranking by the number of respondents includes more than 10 main motives that give impetus to the personal and professional growth and self-development of women.
In the Discussion of the results the author considers the problem of women's leadership in the context of modern scientific research.
The Conclusion concludes that it is necessary to study and develop women's leadership in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development and gender equality.

In the article, the author examines the role and influence of the elements of the person's type on the choice of a partner for romantic relationships in young people.
In the Introduction, the author substantiates the relevance, sets a goal, and hypotheses are put forward. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the elements of the type that influence the choice of a romantic partner of modern young people, the influence of similarity with oneself or with a relative of the opposite sex.
The section "Methods" presents the author's questionnaire used in the study. 118 people took part in it: 77 girls and 41 guys. Also, in the course of the study, T. Leary's Method of diagnosing interpersonal relationships was used. 90 students took part in it: 55 girls and 35 boys.
The Results describes that most young people do not choose a romantic partner based on the principle of his similarity with a parent or a close relative of the opposite sex. For girls, the most important factor is the behavior of a young man and his manifestation in society. For boys, the most significant criterion is facial features and physique of a girl. About half of the girls and a third of the boys see similarities between themselves and a romantic partner at the time of the beginning of the relationship. The reason for the dissimilarity of the romantic partner or partner with the respondent or a family member of the respondent is not the determining choice in favor of a romantic partner for the majority. 2 trends were identified: 1) partners have a similar degree of expression in almost all qualities, there are no dominant features in the pair or similar ones are distinguished; 2) one of the partners is clearly dominant over the other.
In Discussion of the results, the author refutes the theory of Z. Freud says that people are looking for traits of a parent of the opposite sex in their partner. Refers to other researchers studying the influence of various factors on the choice of a romantic partner. Confirms the theory of complementary needs of R. Winch.

The article considers the main approaches to the study of competitive motivation and related theoretical provisions. The analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature is presented, which presents the theoretical foundations of competitive motivation. The novelty of the study lies in the small number of studies and the lack of generalized information on the topic.
The Introduction highlights the main areas of manifestation of competitive motivation. In addition to sports activities, competitive motivation also takes place in education, the market economy, in the usual subject-practical activities in general. We are also talking about the fact that, most often, for the first time, competitive motivation manifests itself in a person in adolescence.
The "Theoretical substantiation" section considers the specific features of competitive motives, the place of competitive motivation in the motivational structure of sports activity and its correlation with sports motivation. A list of motives for sports activities associated with competitive motivation has also been compiled.
The "Discussion of the Results" section includes an analysis of the results of research by domestic and foreign authors on the topic of the formation and features of the manifestation of competitive motivation. This section also reflects the accompaniment of competitive motivation by specific emotional states and mentions strategies that are typical for a competitive situation.
The "Conclusion" section contains the main conclusions drawn based on the analysis of theoretical material on the problem of competitive motivation. Thus, the importance of considering the phenomenon of competitive motivation outside the context of sports activity is noted. In addition, vectors for further study of this issue are outlined within the framework of psychological research, as well as in the context of developing measures to increase efficiency and improve the flow of the educational process.

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the psychological characteristics of the ways of communicative interaction between active users of computer games. The novelty of the research lies in the lack of knowledge of this issue.
The Introduction analyzes the theoretical basis of the study. The content of the term "virtual reality" and related aspects in the context of our research are reflected. The main audience of users of the virtual game space is characterized.
The "Methods" section presents the purpose of this study and describes the sample of 450 people, each third of which consists of respondents of different age groups - schoolchildren in grades 1-4, students and adults (aged 35-42). This section also describes the diagnostic program, which included the following methods: S. A. Kulakov's modified technique for defining the degree of keenness on playing computer games; Dembo-Rubinstein (DR) technique "Ladder" (modified by S.G. Yakobson and V.G. Shchur); Method of "Who Am I?" by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland (modified by T.V. Rumyantseva); Projective drawing "Non-existent animal"; Questionnaire of parental relationship by A. Y. Varga and V. V. Stolin, Test "Kinetic family pattern" (KRS) by R. Bens and S. Kaufman, Projective technique "House. Tree. Man" (J. Book); Technique "Self-portrait" (modified by K. Makhover).
In the "Results" section, the thesis about the features of communication with significant others (emotional detachment, superficial contact, etc.) cause excessive immersion in the world of computer game reality and following destructive change in the Selfimage of active users of computer games is empirically proven.
In the "Discussion" section, the thesis about the main reason for active users to immerse themselves in the virtual world of computer games, with subsequent deformation of the Self-image and identification with the heroes of a computer game, may be violations of the forms and methods of interaction with others is substantiated. Brief conclusions on the results of the study are given.

The Introduction reveals the relevance of the problem in terms of the growth of its prevalence. An overview of the causes of alcohol dependence in women is shown. Among the main factors of female alcoholism, researchers distinguish: heredity, peculiarities of metabolism and biochemical reactions of the body of women, emancipation, loneliness, partner influence, etc. Representatives of psychoanalysis associate alcoholism with problems in the sexual sphere. The author points out that psychotraumatic situations form unconscious scenarios of behavior and subsequently may be revealed in a form of addictions, including alcohol. In this regard, in order to successfully solve the problem of female alcoholism, it is necessary to identify its unconscious reasons. For this the author offers to consider this issue from the standpoint of fate analysis determining ancestral unconscious attraction factors.
The novelty of the research consists in determining the origins of the problem of female alcoholism from the standpoints of L. Sondi’s theory of fate analysis and establishing the dominant drives of alcohol addiction in women.
The section "Methods" describes the main methods of empirical research: Sondi test to establish the leading basic attraction determining the behavior of women that leads to alcoholism, method of statistical data processing ‒ Pearson Consent Criterion. The following sample is described: 65 women aged 20–68 years with the first and second stages of alcoholism.
The section "Results" presents the characteristics of the detected basic behavioral tendencies: manic, depressive, catatonic, paranoid manifestations. The results of the mathematical statistics of the obtained data are presented.
In the Discussion of the Results a parallel was drawn between the problems of identifying the causes of alcoholism and eating disorders, the origin of which may be of oral nature. The general tendencies between the revealed basic drives according to the theory of L. Sondi and the stages of psychosexual development according to the theory of Z. Freud are indicated.
The conclusion emphasizes the role of unconscious tendencies in the formation and retention of the problem of alcohol dependence in women