Introduction. Subjectivity in the academic environment is associated with the ability of students to actively transform themselves and the surrounding reality, free and conscious choice; subjectivity contributes to the self-realisation of students, increasing their involvement in the educational process and the quality of knowledge obtained, and the task of increasing the subjectivity of both teachers and students remains relevant. At the same time, there is insufficient research clarifying the connections between subjectivity and academic motivation in both Russian and world science.

Objective. To determine the relationship of subjectivity, personal life stance, belief in freedom and conscious presence and types of academic motivation.

Materials and Methods. Sixty-five students (average age – 18.7 years) studying in 1–3 courses of humanities specialities took part in the study. Research methods: subjectivity questionnaire (Volkova et al., 2023), academic motivation scale (Gordeeva, Sychev, Osin, 2014); questionnaire "Life position of personality" (Leontiev, Shilmanskaya, 2019); methodology for assessing conscious presence (adaptation of Mitin et al., 2021); questionnaire "Belief in freedom/determinism" in adaptation (Mospan, Leontiev, 2021). Correlation analysis was applied for processing.

Results. Intrinsic motivation is related to subjectivity: thus, achievement motivation is most related to personal activity and harmony with life, self-development motivation - to life awareness and activity of life position, and cognitive motivation - to both awareness and activity, and to harmony with life. External types of motivation, on the other hand, are negatively related to subjectivity: introjected motivation showed a negative relationship with freedom of choice, capacity for reflexion, and belief in freedom, and externalised motivation - with capacity for reflexion and conscious presence. Both types of external motivation were negatively related to harmony with life.

Discussion. In this section each of the findings is analysed with reference to the research on subjectivity and academic motivation. It is found that the results of the study are consistent with the main definitions of the phenomenon of subjectivity and represent a support for improving the educational process.

Introduction. The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of studying personal qualities that contribute to the adaptation of an individual to society and professional activity. One of such qualities is assertiveness as a person's ability to achieve their own goals without harming other people and without violating their rights.

Objective. Identify the relationship between assertiveness, personal identity, and self-relationship parameters in young specialists in the sphere of education.

Materials and Methods. The assertiveness questionnaires of V. P. Sheinov and A. S. Devitsyn, L. B. Schneider's personal identity, and S. R. Panteleev's self-relationship questionnaires were used as diagnostic tools. The results were processed using correlation analysis, Pearson's dichotomous correlation coefficients, and point-biserial correlation coefficients.

Results. A total of 83 young specialists in the field of education in Cherepovets, Vologda Oblast (96.39% of the sample were women) aged up to 35 years, with an experience of 2 months to 3 years, participated in the study. A positive connection of the low level of assertiveness (passive) with two identity statuses was revealed: premature identity and moratorium identity. A positive relationship was also found with parameters of self-relationship such as closedness, inner conflict, self-blame, and a negative relationship with self-confidence, self-value, and reflected self-relationship. The medium level of assertiveness (assertive) correlates positively with achieved identity status, as well as self-confidence, self-management, and self-value, and negatively with internal conflict and self-accusation. High level of assertiveness (persistent) is positively correlated with hyperidentity and closedness as a characteristic of self-relationship, and negatively with self-management and self-acceptance.

Discussion. During the discussion, it is concluded that the most optimal for the successful functioning of personality is the combination of the average level of assertiveness ("assertive") with achieved identity and positive parameters of self-relationship, especially self-acceptance and self-management, which give the opportunity to manifest their subjectivity most fully on the basis of self-acceptance. The results obtained can be used in the process of working with young professionals in the educational sphere during their adaptation to the educational organization.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the ambiguity and extreme eventfulness of the present time, as well as the lack of long-term planning. The personality faces the need to quickly adapt to new conditions, increase the level of resilience, and preserve mental and physical well-being. Eating behavior is an important component of maintaining personal health, and its various disorders reflect general failures in personality functioning. Thus, the study of the relationship between resilience, time perspective and eating behavior in women will help to expand the understanding of the possibilities of personality adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

Objective. To investigate the relationship of resilience, time perspective, and leading type of eating behavior in women with different attitudes toward past experiences.

Materials and Methods. The study uses "Resilience Test" by S. StrienMuddy, "Time Perspective Questionnaire" by F. Zimbardo, "Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire" by T. Van . Van Strien. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-criterion for comparison of two independent samples, as well as the  rank correlation coefficientr-Spearman.

Results. Women with low levels of negative past demonstrated higher values on the scales "involvement", "control", "risk taking", "future", and "positive past". Women with a high level of negative past demonstrated values higher on the scales "negative past", "hedonistic present", "fatalistic present", "emotiogenic", "externalizing", and "restrictive" eating behavior. Correlation analysis allowed us to identify two symptom complexes. The first shows that perceiving one's life as out of control is associated with decreased resilience in general. The second demonstrates that excessive eating in response to external stimuli is an indicator of a general perception of the uncontrollability of one's life and is built around the parameter "externalized eating behavior".

Discussion. It has been revealed that women with a high level of negative past are characterized by attitudes of belief in fate, getting pleasure in the present, they are less involved in professional activities and are not ready to take risks. Also the indicators of emotiogenic, externalizing and restrictive eating behavior in this group are significantly higher. With a low level of negative attitude to past experience, there is a greater resourcefulness in terms of resilience, confidence in the ability to manage the events of their lives and aspiration for the future.

Introduction. The phenomenon of trust has been the subject of study by many different specialists. Trust is of great importance in collective labor workers working in social isolation. In this paper, this phenomenon is considered in the collectives of specialized train cars, whose employees are in social isolation. The specialized railcars of the Russian Railways are automated diagnostic complexes (hereinafter ADC), where the employees have to live and work together permanently. Internal conditions are institutions and rules that the collective creates, thus forming trust. The phenomenon of trust under internal conditions is considered from the point of view of social psychology.

Objective. To study trust and cohesion that emerges in isolated social groups using ADC collectives as an example.

Materials and Methods. To study internal trust and cohesion both in the teams of ADC and in the teams of the supervising organization, the method of trust study by A. V. Sidorenkov and the method of cohesion study by A. V. Sidorenkov applied. Research was carried out in two stages. The first stage was conducting research in the ADC teams themselves, in the first and second shifts. The second stage was to conduct research in departments of the supervising organization. Mathematical processing of the data included the calculation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion using the SPSS Statistics.

Results. In the first phase, 78 people from 11 ADCs participated in the research. In the second stage, the study was conducted in different departments (offices) of the ADC organization. 66 people participated in it. The findings showed that trust in isolated collectives of ADCs is lower than trust in departments of the organization. At the same time, cohesion in ADC collectives is higher than cohesion in departments. 

Discussion. The higher level of cohesion but low level of trust in ADC teams compared to similar indicators in the departments of the supervising organization show the difficulty of trust creation. Trust is a kind of social group character, and cohesion is only a short-term phenomenon caused by social isolation. Cohesion is more dynamic and situational; it can be increased through various team building activities.     

Introduction. Recognition of facial expressions plays an important role in social interaction. The authors consider the issue of emotion recognition by investigating the work of the brain structures responsible for the perception of emotions of a certain valence. Much data has been accumulated on invasive and noninvasive ways of influencing the functioning of these structures. However, the issue of noninvasive influence on structures that take part in the recognition of facial expressions but are not associated with the recognition of emotions of a particular valence is not sufficiently studied.

Objective. To study the peculiarities of the influence of the right prefrontal and left spindle cortex under normal conditions and under conditions of transcranial electrical stimulation on the process of recognizing visual expressions of emotion.

Materials and Methods. The study used electroencephalogram recording with subsequent isolation of evoked potentials, as well as transcranial electrical stimulation of the right lateral sulcus (near T4), right prefrontal cortex (near F8), and right lingual cortex (near T6). The study was divided into 3 stages: demonstration of photographs of faces of standardized collections of KDEF, RAFD, WSEFEP, expressing emotions of anger, sadness, joy, fear, surprise, disgust, and neutral emotions, with simultaneous recording of electroencephalography; transcranial electrical stimulation of the experimental group and placebo control group; repeated demonstration of photographs of faces and recording of electroencephalogram. Statistical processing was performed using the ANOVA method for repeated measurements.

Results. The volunteers in this study were 60 healthy subjects of both sexes, aged 18 to 26 years. Differences in response time were found depending on whether they belonged to the control or experimental group, as well as differences in the components of the evoked potentials N1, N2, and P2 depending on group membership and the valence of the emotion.

Discussion. The results obtained are explained by the fact that structures associated with the recognition of emotions of a particular valence may depend on the functioning of structures not associated with the recognition of emotions of a particular valence, since the latter provide them with information about the perceived stimulus. The dependence of functioning of structures responsible for identification of emotional expressions of a particular valence can be explained by modulation of their functions by brain structures that are not specialized for a particular valence of the perceived emotional expression.

Introduction. Rational consumption is an important aspect that goes beyond economic behavior. It encompasses a wide range of social, psychological and cultural factors. In the context of global challenges of sustainable development, the issues of rational consumption become particularly relevant.

Objective. To summarize the existing ideas about rational consumption as an interdisciplinary phenomenon and to identify promising directions for future research in the context of the formation of sustainable development models.

The concept of "rational consumption". Rational consumption includes awareness of needs and aspiration to satisfy them with minimum use of resources. This behavior is associated not only with economic expediency, but also with social and cultural meanings of consumption.

Historical and philosophical foundations of the culture of rational consumption. The concept of rational consumption has deep historical and philosophical roots, including the ideas of utilitarianism, the Scottish school of morality and classical political economy. The influence of these theories on the development of ideas about consumer practices and their social role can be traced back to the 18th century.

Social and psychological aspects of rational consumption. Consumption influences the formation of self-concept and social identity, and is also associated with self-regulation and metacognition. The study of psychological mechanisms of consumer behavior allows us to understand both rational and irrational aspects of choice

Discussion. This review has shown that rational consumption is a multifaceted phenomenon that includes economic, psychological and social components, requiring an interdisciplinary approach to fully analyze the mechanisms of decision-making by consumers of different age groups. In different sciences, consumption has long been studied taking into account its socio-psychological determination, as well as the reverse influence on the formation of self-concept and social identity. The authors highlight the research of metacognitive and neurobiological bases of regulation of behavior of consumers of different age groups. as the prospects for on rational consumption in the conditions of formation of sustainable development models