Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of the deformation of the value-semantic sphere of the personality of students living in a war zone. The relevance of the study is explained by the routine nature of military conflicts in connection with the complication of the geopolitical situation. Living near a combat zone leads to significant changes in the personality structure of young people, especially in their meaning sphere. The data obtained can be used to develop programs aimed at correcting students’ value orientations and assimilating the values inherent in an active citizen who is aware of their role in society and strives for the prosperity of their country.

Objective. Identify and study the features of the deformation of the meaning sphere of the personality of students living in a war zone.

Materials and Methods. A total of 80 individuals served as the empirical object of research: 40 students living in the Southern Federal District and 40 students living in the Donetsk People’s Republic. Most of the respondents are female students studying humanities. To achieve the purpose of the study, methods such as the Purpose-in-Life Test, PIL (adaptation of D.A. Leontiev, 1988) and a test to study the real structure of individual value orientations were employed. Quantitative analysis and comparative analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test were utilized for statistical data processing.

Results. Differences in the value-semantic sphere were found among respondents living in peaceful areas compared to those in areas near the combat zone. Students who live far from combat sites are more aware of the meaning of their lives. This is manifested in their greater focus on achieving goals, their effort to comprehend the past, and their enjoyment of the present. At the same time, students living in peaceful cities also place more value on enjoying beauty and learning new things. Conversely, students living near the war zone tend to see greater value in material benefits.

Discussion. The data obtained from the study on the deformation of the meaning sphere among students living in a war zone correlate with the views of other authors. Thus, the revealed differences in value orientations can be explained by the fact that students living near combat zones are more focused on meeting basic needs.

Introduction. This paper studies the system of value attitudes, biographical data, and mental state of persons who consciously refuse to practice reproductive behavior on a limited sample of respondents. The individual-psychological profile of persons inclined to conscious childlessness is also considered. The authors analyze domestic and foreign studies related to the problem of “childfree”.

Objective. To identify individual-psychological characteristics of individuals who consciously take a position of refusing to give birth to children.

Materials and Methods. The following methods were used in the study: Morphological test of life values by V. F. Sopov and L. V. Karpushin (diagnosis of personal life values, DPLV); Schwartz value questionnaire; SAN (health, activity, mood) questionnaire (in Russ.); author’s questionnaire containing questions about socio-demographic data and position on childfree. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the Kraskell-Wallis criterion.

Results. The main conclusions of this study were obtained regarding differences in activity, mood, well-being, a high degree of tolerance towards representatives of “childfree” in the study sample, the prevalence of the subculture among “childless” students and people without a regular income and artificial inertia of “childfree”. The supporters of this movement have their own opinions, views and beliefs that differ from those of people raising a child who are not supporters of “childfree”. Orientation to constructive relationships, realization of social roles and expansion of interpersonal ties are the main needs of child-rearing subjects.

Discussion. The analysis of the results of the empirical study allows us to talk about the degree of readiness to create a family in Russian society, the attitude to the problem of consciously choosing a socio-psychological status related to childlessness, the amount of income of the discussed categories of citizens, as well as the degree of their involvement in labor and educational spheres of activity. It was revealed that those who have children are more active, they also have higher indices of well-being and mood. Those who are adherents of the “Childfree” movement have pronounced scales of “hedonism” and “egoism”. There appeared the data allowing to assert that this reproductive current has an artificial character of spreading. The results of the study of the socio-psychological phenomenon of “childlessness” contribute to the further development of the problem under consideration, including the ability to formulate a mechanism of state regulation in this area.

Introduction. The scientific-psychological validity of the a priori attitude of practicing psychologists and parents, which states that adolescents’ trusting attitude toward parents exists only in the form of an opposition of trust or mistrust, was tested when addressing the problem of adolescent mistrust. The implementation of the validation is based on the previously developed model for studying ambivalent trust.

Objective. To examine the features of categorized trust/mother distrust relationships in 15-year-old adolescent males and the role of order in the structure of predictors of maternal trust in these relationships.

Materials and Methods. The following methods were applied in the study: content analysis based on expert evaluations; subjective scaling according to the given parameters; statistical technology of construct development; classification of trust/distrust ratio; approximation by hyperbolic rank parametric distribution; nonparametric statistics.

Results. The study sample consisted of adolescent boys 15 years old (n = 177) of municipal educational institution the highshcool of Rostov-on-Don. As a result of the study, the data demonstrating “absolute trust” and “absolute distrust” were obtained only in 19 % of subjects, the rest have different variants of ambivalent trust (p ≤ 0.01). Significant predictors of trust to mother in adolescent boys of 15 years old are “me-trust”, honesty, reliability, fairness, commitment to fulfill promises, non-evaluative attitude. The average values of β coefficient are higher in the “positive” variant of ambivalent trust, when adolescent boys of 15 years old have both trust and distrust in their mothers, with the former prevailing.

Discussion. It has been established that the conviction of practicing psychologists and parents that adolescents’ trusting attitude to their mothers exists only in the form of the opposition of trust and distrust is not quite correct and can lead to serious negative consequences in solving the problem of maternal distrust. The peculiarities of the classified correlations of trust/distrust in mothers and the orderliness of the structure of predictors of trust in mothers allow us to consider that the observed behavioral patterns of “trust” in mothers may not reflect its truthfulness, but act as a “means” of solving their conscious and unconscious tasks through the mechanism of protection from inadequate, from the point of view of the adolescent, attempts of the mother to penetrate into his inner world, or as a desire to escape from their own responsibility through trust.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of building a career for women in a transitive society. The variability of theoretical approaches to the study of professional careers in psychological science has made it possible to emphasize the most meaningful conceptual vector in considering the specifics of women’s careers while taking into account reflexible and personally significant changes – a synergistic approach. The contribution of the current professional status of a woman to the career building process is discussed. It will determine the possible area of psychological assistance and support for women in matters of professionalization for the effective solution of their work tasks and the development of aspirations in achieving professional self-realization.

Objective. To analyze the psychological aspects of career building by women who are hired and run their own business.

Materials and Methods. The research methods are presented by the author’s socio-demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire of behavior and experience associated with work (adaptation of T. I. Ronginskaya), a scale of professional apathy (adaptation of A. A. Zolotarev), a method of studying the type and level of professional self-realization (author E. A. Gavrilova). In order to confirm the hypothetical assumptions, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze the reliability of differences in the studied variables.

Results. The empirical sample consisted of 100 working women from 24 to 50 years old, of which 50 women are employed and 50 women run their own business (self-employment, individual entrepreneurship). As the results of the study, statistically significant differences were obtained, emphasizing different ways of professionalization of female recruiters and women who have their own business. The prevailing trends in the content characteristics of the professional sphere of women are shown.

Discussion. The results of the study led to two main empirically important conclusions: female recruiters cannot fully reveal their professional potential, since there is a tendency to inconsistency of the value structures of the work performed and poor satisfaction with the workplace; women who have their own business show more openness in the performance and implementation of professional goals, leading to multidimensional professionalization.

Introduction. The high level of stress and uncertainty of the modern world requires the study of a person’s personal resources and the identification of conditions that increase the possibilities of self-regulation. The article is devoted to the study of risk readiness as a property of self-regulation among representatives of various ethnocultural groups. Risk appetite is a personal characteristic that acts as an adaptive resource in a situation of uncertainty and requires the actualization of the personal and intellectual potential of the subject.

Objective. Study of risk appetite as a personal property of self-regulation among representatives of various ethno-cultural groups.

Materials and Methods. Problem is studied with using such methods: “Personal factors of decision-making” (T. N. Kornilova); “Style of self-regulation of behavior – SSP-98” (V. I. Morosanov); “Meaning-life orientations” by D. A. Leontiev; “Personal Views Survey, PVS III-R” (Salvatore R. Maddi, D. M. Khoshaba) in the adaptation of D. A. Leontiev; Tomsk rigidity questionnaire (G. V. Zalevsky); The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) (in the adaptation of T. V. Kornilova). Mathematical data processing was carried out using the statistical criteria of U-Mann-Whitney, N-Kraskual-Wales and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results. In the field of personal resources of self-regulation (meaning-life orientations, resilience), no differences were found, however, with respect to decision-making strategies, statistically significant differences were recorded on the Rationality and Risk Readiness scales. In the studied groups, respondents with high scores on the “Risk Readiness” scale recorded differences in self-regulation scales related to personal mechanisms of self-regulation (“Flexibility”, “Independence”). In relation to representatives of the Chechen ethnic group, significant differences were recorded on the following scales: “Planning”, “Programming”, “Flexibility”, “Independence”, “General level of self-regulation”. According to the results of the correlation analysis, all groups (Armenians, Chechens, Russians) recorded positive links between the “Risk Readiness” scale and the “Flexibility” and “Independence” scales.

Discussion. The results of the study significantly enrich the ideas about the resources of self-regulation, allowing us to consider the ethno-cultural potential in a new way. The study of psychological phenomena in conjunction with ethnic originality represents a promising area of modern research. Our study substantiates the thesis that risk readiness can act as an adaptive resource and ensure the effectiveness of self-regulation processes.

Introduction. The modern world is characterized by global changes in technology, social structure, the mental sphere of children and features of their behavior are also subject to change. There is a change in the fine tuning of mental cognitive processes. The number of children and adolescents with signs of attention deficit and hyperactivity has increased. The development of children with peculiarities is directly related to parental upbringing and relationships in the family. In preschool age parental relations become a determining factor for building the child’s relations in the future, they determine the success of his social life. The study considered the peculiarities of parents’ attitudes towards a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attitudes towards family life.

Objective. To analyze the specificity of relationships in families with ADHD children and aspects of child development with disabilities.

Materials and Methods. Identification of preschoolers with ADHD was carried out through the study of anamnestic data, neurological diagnoses and expert evaluations. The following psychodiagnostic tools were used during the study: Toulouse-Pieron test; Unified questionnaire for parents and teachers by A. B. Filippova; PARI technique (E. S. Schaefer, R. K. Bell adapted by T. V. Nescheret); Projective technique “Family Drawing”.

Results. The study involved 66 families raising children with ADHD and children without neurological diagnoses, aged 6–7 years. In families of children with ADHD compared to families raising children with normal development, there are differences in the categories of “custody” and “parental dominance”, the role of the mother “on top” prevails. There is a specificity in attitudes to the family role, father’s indifference and tendency to conflicts are common. The revealed tendencies can become an independent reason for secondary neurotization of both the mother of a child with disabilities and the child himself.

Discussion. The results of the study can become the basis for psychological help to both children with disabilities and their parents. They can be applied in diagnosing dysfunctional families and taken into account when diagnosing children with symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder due to the fact that the results of improper upbringing can cause symptoms of a child’s behavior disorder.

Introduction. Thanks to the government support and the innovative management system, the Iraqi education system has become not just educational institutions, but a modern hierarchical structure that meets the needs of modernity, directly related to the growth and development of the nation. Studying the problems and prospects of higher education management in Iraq will help young people entering a student exchange program decide on their choice of educational institution and professional direction. To identify the main challenges that most universities and institutes in Iraq have faced over the past few years, we used three different metaphors to view them: as machines, as organisms, and finally as cultures. This is due to the fact that any theory for studying an organization, although it can provide valuable information, is biased and incomplete.

Objective. Analyze the current educational system to see the problems and foresee the prospects of higher education in Iraq.

Universities as machines. Using this metaphor, it was found that the Iraqi higher education system has a problem of violation of hierarchy by its superiors in the case of management. Also, the problem of lack of encouragement of initiative was found to be present, which hinders the development of students’ critical thinking. In addition, the problems of internal coordination of colleges, imbalance between authority and responsibility, lack of educational programs, and efficiency were found.

Universities as organisms. According to this metaphor, the review of universities takes into account the external environment and possible patterns of change. At this stage of the review, problems such as degradation of the higher education system due to harsh conditions in the country and government interference were identified, the inapplicability of the classical approach to universities in Iraq, the lack of support for teachers from the administration, a high degree of centralization, and the influence of political parties and religious groups on higher education in the country. Universities as cultures. At this stage of the review, culturally based problems such as conservatism, consequently, and resistance to change, survival orientation, and ineffective fight against corruption were identified.

Discussion. In the subject field overview, there is much conflicting evidence on individual problems specific to higher education in Iraq. However, its presence is undeniable and the result of this review is a comprehensive list of growth areas of Iraqi higher education.