Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of a set of factors leading to voluntary self-isolation of young people in Russia. A number of foreign studies have documented voluntary withdrawal from social life and the desire for complete social isolation among young people. This phenomenon was first described in Japan and labeled as “hikikomori”. Many of the hikikomori did not have mental disorders to explain their reclusiveness, and therefore a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the formation of such maladaptive behavior was proposed.

Objective. To test the causal relationship between social exclusion, nervous system characteristics, and attachment type in members of the hikki and dead inside subcultures.

Materials and Methods. Sixty-eight people (48 women and 20 men) participated in the study. Of them, the conditional norm was 36 people, 20 were dead inside, and 12 were hikkas. To assess the peculiarities of the nervous system we used express-diagnostics of the nervous system types on the basis of J. Streliau’s method of temperament diagnostics; to study the attachment types we used the method “Self-assessment of the generalized type of attachment” adapted by T. V. Kazantseva; to study child-parent relations we used the author’s questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis were used as methods of statistical data processing.

Results. The study confirmed the biopsychosocial model of social isolation, which is the result of nervous system features interrelated with the formation of relationships with parents and attachment type, which in turn is related to the formation of relationships with peers.

Discussion. According to the results of the study, it was found that the predictors of social reclusiveness of hikikomori are increased excitability of the nervous system, which turns any social contacts into painful ones, while the representatives of dead inside, on the contrary, experience too weak reactions to external and internal stimuli, which also affects social adaptation.

Introduction. In modern society, the issues of social adaptation of students in higher education institutions are becoming more and more relevant and significant. Entering the environment of a higher education institution is a complex and multifaceted process that requires students to adapt to new conditions. That is why the study of socio-psychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities is an important direction for the scientific field. In the framework of our study we considered theoretical aspects of social adaptation of international students, the problems they have to face, as well as students’ attitudes towards their studies and chosen specialty.

Objective. Analyze the sociopsychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in the conditions of educational migration.

Materials and Methods. In this study, a survey method was applied: questionnaires and interviews. During the application of the stated methods, it is possible to identify the personal characteristics of educational migrants, to familiarize with the specifics of perception of difficult life situations by young people prone to experience, and to obtain information about the general satisfaction and dissatisfaction of educational migrants with educational activities and self-assessments of their performance in the course of social adaptation.

Results. The study involved 136 international students aged 18–25 years. During the course of the study, data on the prevalence of various barriers in the adaptation process were obtained by the survey method. They show that the greatest significance and difficulty for foreign students were first of all the problems related to language communication, the lack of knowledge of the Russian language. Accordingly, it involved the formation of problems with studies and worries related to the realization and well-being. Insufficient preparation of students for new conditions of the educational process can lead to stress, disorientation, and low motivation.

Discussion. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that sociopsychological aspects play an important role in the adaptation of educational migrants to new conditions and culture, which requires special attention and support from educational and social institutions.

Introduction. The work aims to study the manifestations of time perspective and the traits of emerging adulthood, as well as their interrelationships in young people with and without work experience. The relevance of the study is explained by the current trend towards infantilization of young people, expressed in the increase in the average age of the beginning of professional and family life. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the perspective of time and work experience are considered as the main predictors of increased manifestation of traits of emerging adulthood.

Objective. Examine the relationships between the temporal perspective of personality and emerging adulthood traits in youth with and without work experience.

Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, 47 people aged 18 to 25 years were interviewed, among whom 26 people had experience in professional activities and 21 people had no work experience. To achieve the goal of the study, the following techniques were used: the technique “Traits of emerging adulthood”, the technique “Level of infantilism expression”, the questionnaire “Time perspective of Zimbardo personality”, as well as the author’s questionnaire-questionnaire. The reliability of the results obtained is ensured by the use of statistical data processing methods.

Results. Young people without work experience were found to be more oriented towards the present with a fatalistic and hedonistic attitude toward it. They are also more prone to experimentation, self-directedness, and an increase in some traits of infantilism compared to young people with work experience. Statistically significant correlations were found between temporal orientations of personality and traits of maturing maturity, infantilism, which can change depending on the presence of work experience.

Discussion. The research confirms the existence of a trend of delayed adulthood among young people. The manifestation of traits of a more childish position of young people, such as self-directedness, experimentation, disordered behavior, infantilism, low indicators of work motivation can be explained by the imbalance of their time perspective. The orientation towards a fatalistic and hedonistic present demonstrated by young people may act as a mechanism of adaptation of young people in the conditions of uncertainty of their social position.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the level of adaptation in the educational environment of the higher education institution and the choice of strategy to ensure the personal safety of students. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of scientific works that aim to identify the relationship between the categories considered, as well as the growing need for a sense of personal security in the modern world.

Objective. Identify the relationship between the level of adaptation in the educational environment of a higher education institution and the choice of strategy to ensure the personal safety of students.

Materials and Methods. The following methodological tools were used to collect empirical data: methodology for diagnosing the level of students’ adaptation to university (M. S. Yurkina and A. A. Smirnov) and the author’s methodology for determining students’ personal security strategies. The author’s methodology is based on the differentiation of personal security strategies into avoidance, negotiation, and action strategies. The sample consisted from the 50 students of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University of the first and second year of study. The research program included four stages: 1) identifying the personal safety strategies of the students of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University in the first and second year of study consecutively; 2) determining the level of the adaptation of students of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University in the educational environment of the university in the first and second year of study consecutively; 3) conducting a comparative analysis of the data on personal safety strategies and the level of the adaptation of students; 4) conducting a comparative analysis of the results of the study in the first and second year of study; 5) conducting a correlation analysis.

Results. In the first year, the low level of adaptation was accompanied by the choice of avoidance strategy as a strategy for the personal security of the students. With the increase in the level of adaptation in the educational environment, there is a change in the choice of personal security strategies with the predominance of the action strategy and the negotiation strategy.

Discussion. Within the framework of the study, it was found that security strategies change with the growth of the level of adaptation. Prospects for the study of the relationship between the level of adaptation in the educational environment of the higher education institution and the choice of personal safety strategies of students are associated with further study of the direction of this relationship in order to support students in the process of adaptation or in the choice of more productive strategies of personal safety.

Introduction. Pregnancy and childbirth have a profound impact on a woman. These events are a normal life crisis that is present in most women and results in a dramatic loss of a sense of stability. During this period, the restructuring of a woman’s personality is based on psychological patterns similar to those of normal mental development. Thus, pregnancy acts as a biological prerequisite for the change in her life. From the point of view of the empirical psychological component, the specificity of meaning-life orientations and values in women in connection with childbirth is quite diverse, but little studied.

Objective. To study changes in meaning and value orientations in women during the period from the stage of pregnancy planning to the beginning of motherhood.

Materials and methods. In the course of the study we used: the test “Meaning-Life Orientations” by D. A. Leontiev (SZHO method); the method “Value Orientations” by Sh. Schwartz (adapted by V. N. Karandashev). Methods of statistical data processing were used with the help of R program to calculate Student’s t-criterion to study the reliability of differences in data between stages.

Results. There are reliably significant differences in the meaning and life orientations of women preparing for pregnancy and women who have already given birth. The specificity of prevailing value orientations differs in women preparing for pregnancy and in women who have already given birth. The values of women preparing for childbirth are dominated by such values as “power”, “achievements”, and “stimulation”, while the values of women who have already given birth are higher on the scales of “universalism” and “conformity”.

Discussion. The study revealed that the complex of value and meaning-life orientations is significantly transformed in women during pregnancy and after childbirth, which causes the transformation of the system of values in relation to themselves, the child and the surrounding reality. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to develop and implement a set of measures aimed at adopting a new system of values and lifestyle of women during the first stages of motherhood.

Introduction. The article is aimed at analyzing and summarizing the identified features of professional self-awareness of novice psychologists. The relevance of the study is explained by the increased interest in psychological services, which increases the demand for specialists in this field. In this regard, the graduation of young psychologists by educational institutions is also increasing and they may postpone starting work despite the education they have received. This can be explained by fears about the working process, which arise due to certain peculiar professional self-concepts.

Objective. To analyze and generalize the data on the specificity of psychologists’ entry into the profession, which is expressed in the peculiarities of professional self-concept.

The phenomenon of professional self-concept and its importance in the system of professional development of personality. The authors provide the main theoretical data regarding the phenomenon of self-concept of a person and its variety - professional self-concept of a person. Thus, professional self-concept is defined as a part of the general self-concept, which includes the attitudes of a person regarding his/her profession (its requirements, society’s expectations from it) and himself/herself in it (place, role, his/her professional qualities, personal qualities that are necessary for the profession), which are expressed in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral component of this phenomenon.

Formation of professional self-concept and mature professional identity as a desired developmental outcome. The authors describe the main stages of development and changes in the professional self-concept of an individual, such as the stage of awakening, research, consolidation, preservation and retirement. As the main phenomenon reflecting professional self-consciousness, the authors single out professional identity, understood as an individual’s value orientation to a certain profession.

Discussion. The authors’ ideas about the existence of specific features of professional self-concept in novice psychologists are confirmed by the data of other researchers. Fatalism, somewhat pessimistic views of the world and people around them, inflated standards for a specialist in psychology, and aspiration for professional development stand out among the peculiarities of young specialists’ professional self-concept. The author’s position is expressed in the position that these features can lead to the following fears of young professionals: fear of not helping or helping incorrectly, fear of violating moral norms, fear of snapping at the client, fear of remaining unrecognized, fear of revealing oneself, fear of setting a price for work, fear of change.

Introduction. This article explores the relationship between the attitude towards uncertainty and the nature of personality adaptability in the context modern life situation’s risks. The relevance of this topic lies in the possibility of choosing not only constructive, but also destructive adaptation schemes in situations of uncertainty, which are increasingly arising in the lives of young people today. The analysis of studies existing in this subject field made it possible to identify a number of subjective predictors of a successful adaptation. The novelty of this research is identifying and describing the influence of the attitude towards uncertainty on the adaptation of an individual in the context of modern risks. The contents of the article include analysis of various adaptation profiles and their link to the attitude towards uncertainty.

Purpose. Studying the relationship between the attitude to tolerance and adaptation of an individual in the context of modern risks.

Materials and Methods. This study features the following methodological tools: the McLean Uncertainty Tolerance Scale; the S. Maddy Resilience Test (adapted by D. A. Leontiev); the methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation (K. Rogers and R. Diamond); the “Attitude to Uncertainty” questionnaire (T.N. Shcherbakova). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

Results. A structured analysis of the factors that determine the adaptability of students and teachers in different regions in the context of modern risks is presented in this section. The peculiarities of the severity of indicators of tolerance to uncertainty and resilience of an individual, as well as their relationship with adaptability – maladaptivity were found.

Discussion. The results of the empirical study reflect the importance of the attitude and tolerance of an individual to uncertainty for their successful adaptation. For the first time, the interrelation of the components of resilience and tolerance to uncertainty with adaptability – maladaptiveness of students from different regions personalities in the context of information, social and educational risks are shown. Thus, it can be said that there is a connection between the adaptability of students’ personalities and their attitude to uncertainty, indicators of tolerance to rapidly changing conditions, and the severity of the parameters of resilience. The level of reflection of the features of the projections of uncertainty allows to develop resilience and increase the level of adaptability to the relevant life conditions on a personal level. A model of a program of psychological support for increasing the level of adaptation of students in the context of modern risks of uncertainty is proposed.

Introduction. This article is dedicated to studying psychological characteristics of modern adolescents with different severity of the tendency to Internet addictive behavior. In the course of the study, theoretical and empirical material concerning the problem of deviant behavior was generalized. Also, individual psychological characteristics of adolescents and the influence of varying degrees of severity of Internet addiction on young people’s meaning of life orientations were identified. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time, a set of psychological diagnostic techniques aimed at studying the meaningful orientations of adolescents with Internet addiction was formulated and tested.

Purpose. Studying psychological characteristics of adolescents with varying degrees of tendency to Internet addiction. Materials and Methods. As part of the empirical study, the following standardized methods were used: the questionnaire “Behavior on the Internet” by A. E. Zhichkina, the methodology “Questionnaire for studying the level of aggressiveness of Bass-Darka”, “Test of meaningful life orientations (SMO)” by D. A. Leontiev, the methodology “Self-assessment of mental states” by G. Eysenck. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The data was processed using the computer program “SPSS” 17.0 for Windows”.

Results. The respondents were 120 teenagers studying in general education institutions of the city of Rostov-on-Don. As a result of the study, it was found that the indicators of aggression are least pronounced in adolescents prone to Internet addiction. In respondents without a tendency to addictive behavior, anxiety and frustration were found to be the least.

Discussion. In the group of Internet-dependent adolescents, almost all the main aspects of personality show low indicators, which reflects negative impact of the Internet on formation of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents. The hypothesis of adolescents’ tendency to Internet addiction being associated with peculiarities of meaningful life orientations has been confirmed.

Introduction. Mental models are a scientific psychological construct, which means that people create models of the external world in their minds and operate them to plan their activities. Today, mental models have found application in various fields: explaining the principles of human thinking and solving logical problems, creating models about time, sets, causes and effects, as well as in the field of learning, social relations, teamwork. However, in Russian, the subject of the study of mental models is practically not presented.

Purpose. To examine works devoted to the study of mental models in various fields of psychology.

Mental models in the field of thinking process research. A leading expert in the field of human thinking mechanisms P. N. Johnson-Laird put forward and substantiated idea, that in the process of reasoning, people actively create mental models that accompany logical operations and can influence them. Mental models are iconic, reflecting the meaning of objects of the external world, are deployed in a sequence corresponding to external events, and reflect external operations schematically.

Mental models in learning. Mental models can be useful tools for constructing the educational process. Understanding and competent use of the natural mechanisms of the psyche of students can improve the process of modeling their knowledge of the world around them.

Mental models in socio-psychological processes. The interaction of an individual with other people generates the process of forming their reflections in the internal space, creating models of behavior and possible reactions of others. In team interaction, an important factor in the effectiveness and viability of the team is the presence of common (team) mental models.

Discussion. The use of the concept of mental models in various fields and a large number of conceptual and empirical works on this topic may indicate the universality of the phenomenon of models. Mental models as an explanatory principle are built into existing theories and enrich them.